← Canto XXXI

Purgatory, Canto XXXII

Canto XXXIII →

The Tree, the Eagle, and the Wounds of the Chariot

Guide to the canto

Where we are

We are in the forest that covers the summit of Purgatory, after the immersion in Lethe. The sacred procession resumes its march around the chariot, and Beatrice orders Dante to observe carefully what he will see. This is the moment when the vision ceases to be a promise and becomes a precise spectacle to decipher.

Whom we meet

Beatrice returns to the scene, now speaking with prophetic authority and entrusting Dante with the task of returning to the world to write what he has seen. The three guardian nymphs of the chariot return, left by Beatrice as a guard. New and unsettling figures appear: the eagle that descends from the sky, a famished fox, a dragon that issues from the earth, the seven-headed monster born from the chariot, a woman with watchful eyes, and a blond giant who kisses her and drags her away.

What to expect

From here on Dante gazes upon a chariot now transformed, no longer merely a symbol of the cleansed Church. After the three wounds and the birth of the monster, the final image opens an uncomfortable question: who truly is the woman, who is the giant, and what remains of the griffin's promise now that the chariot has become something else.

Read the canto

Purgatory · Canto XXXII
Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1867).
Paraphrase

So steadfast and attentive were mine eyes

1

In satisfying their decennial thirst,

2

That all my other senses were extinct,

3

And upon this side and on that they had

4

Walls of indifference, so the holy smile

5

Drew them unto itself with the old net

6

When forcibly my sight was turned away

7

Towards my left hand by those goddesses,

8

Because I heard from them a "Too intently!"

9

And that condition of the sight which is

10

In eyes but lately smitten by the sun

11

Bereft me of my vision some short while;

12

But to the less when sight re-shaped itself,

13

I say the less in reference to the greater

14

Splendour from which perforce I had withdrawn,

15

I saw upon its right wing wheeled about

16

The glorious host returning with the sun

17

And with the sevenfold flames upon their faces.

18

As underneath its shields, to save itself,

19

A squadron turns, and with its banner wheels,

20

Before the whole thereof can change its front,

21

That soldiery of the celestial kingdom

22

Which marched in the advance had wholly passed us

23

Before the chariot had turned its pole.

24

Then to the wheels the maidens turned themselves,

25

And the Griffin moved his burden benedight,

26

But so that not a feather of him fluttered.

27

The lady fair who drew me through the ford

28

Followed with Statius and myself the wheel

29

Which made its orbit with the lesser arc.

30

So passing through the lofty forest, vacant

31

By fault of her who in the serpent trusted,

32

Angelic music made our steps keep time.

33

Perchance as great a space had in three flights

34

An arrow loosened from the string o'erpassed,

35

As we had moved when Beatrice descended.

36

I heard them murmur altogether, "Adam!"

37

Then circled they about a tree despoiled

38

Of blooms and other leafage on each bough.

39

Its tresses, which so much the more dilate

40

As higher they ascend, had been by Indians

41

Among their forests marvelled at for height.

42

"Blessed art thou, O Griffin, who dost not

43

Pluck with thy beak these branches sweet to taste,

44

Since appetite by this was turned to evil."

45

After this fashion round the tree robust

46

The others shouted; and the twofold creature:

47

"Thus is preserved the seed of all the just."

48

And turning to the pole which he had dragged,

49

He drew it close beneath the widowed bough,

50

And what was of it unto it left bound.

51

In the same manner as our trees (when downward

52

Falls the great light, with that together mingled

53

Which after the celestial Lasca shines)

54

Begin to swell, and then renew themselves,

55

Each one with its own colour, ere the Sun

56

Harness his steeds beneath another star:

57

Less than of rose and more than violet

58

A hue disclosing, was renewed the tree

59

That had erewhile its boughs so desolate.

60

I never heard, nor here below is sung,

61

The hymn which afterward that people sang,

62

Nor did I bear the melody throughout.

63

Had I the power to paint how fell asleep

64

Those eyes compassionless, of Syrinx hearing,

65

Those eyes to which more watching cost so dear,

66

Even as a painter who from model paints

67

I would portray how I was lulled asleep;

68

He may, who well can picture drowsihood.

69

Therefore I pass to what time I awoke,

70

And say a splendour rent from me the veil

71

Of slumber, and a calling: "Rise, what dost thou?"

72

As to behold the apple-tree in blossom

73

Which makes the Angels greedy for its fruit,

74

And keeps perpetual bridals in the Heaven,

75

Peter and John and James conducted were,

76

And, overcome, recovered at the word

77

By which still greater slumbers have been broken,

78

And saw their school diminished by the loss

79

Not only of Elias, but of Moses,

80

And the apparel of their Master changed;

81

So I revived, and saw that piteous one

82

Above me standing, who had been conductress

83

Aforetime of my steps beside the river,

84

And all in doubt I said, "Where's Beatrice?"

85

And she: "Behold her seated underneath

86

The leafage new, upon the root of it.

87

Behold the company that circles her;

88

The rest behind the Griffin are ascending

89

With more melodious song, and more profound."

90

And if her speech were more diffuse I know not,

91

Because already in my sight was she

92

Who from the hearing of aught else had shut me.

93

Alone she sat upon the very earth,

94

Left there as guardian of the chariot

95

Which I had seen the biform monster fasten.

96

Encircling her, a cloister made themselves

97

The seven Nymphs, with those lights in their hands

98

Which are secure from Aquilon and Auster.

99

"Short while shalt thou be here a forester,

100

And thou shalt be with me for evermore

101

A citizen of that Rome where Christ is Roman.

102

Therefore, for that world's good which liveth ill,

103

Fix on the car thine eyes, and what thou seest,

104

Having returned to earth, take heed thou write."

105

Thus Beatrice; and I, who at the feet

106

Of her commandments all devoted was,

107

My mind and eyes directed where she willed.

108

Never descended with so swift a motion

109

Fire from a heavy cloud, when it is raining

110

From out the region which is most remote,

111

As I beheld the bird of Jove descend

112

Down through the tree, rending away the bark,

113

As well as blossoms and the foliage new,

114

And he with all his might the chariot smote,

115

Whereat it reeled, like vessel in a tempest

116

Tossed by the waves, now starboard and now larboard.

117

Thereafter saw I leap into the body

118

Of the triumphal vehicle a Fox,

119

That seemed unfed with any wholesome food.

120

But for his hideous sins upbraiding him,

121

My Lady put him to as swift a flight

122

As such a fleshless skeleton could bear.

123

Then by the way that it before had come,

124

Into the chariot's chest I saw the Eagle

125

Descend, and leave it feathered with his plumes.

126

And such as issues from a heart that mourns,

127

A voice from Heaven there issued, and it said:

128

"My little bark, how badly art thou freighted!"

129

Methought, then, that the earth did yawn between

130

Both wheels, and I saw rise from it a Dragon,

131

Who through the chariot upward fixed his tail,

132

And as a wasp that draweth back its sting,

133

Drawing unto himself his tail malign,

134

Drew out the floor, and went his way rejoicing.

135

That which remained behind, even as with grass

136

A fertile region, with the feathers, offered

137

Perhaps with pure intention and benign,

138

Reclothed itself, and with them were reclothed

139

The pole and both the wheels so speedily,

140

A sigh doth longer keep the lips apart.

141

Transfigured thus the holy edifice

142

Thrust forward heads upon the parts of it,

143

Three on the pole and one at either corner.

144

The first were horned like oxen; but the four

145

Had but a single horn upon the forehead;

146

A monster such had never yet been seen!

147

Firm as a rock upon a mountain high,

148

Seated upon it, there appeared to me

149

A shameless whore, with eyes swift glancing round,

150

And, as if not to have her taken from him,

151

Upright beside her I beheld a giant;

152

And ever and anon they kissed each other.

153

But because she her wanton, roving eye

154

Turned upon me, her angry paramour

155

Did scourge her from her head unto her feet.

156

Then full of jealousy, and fierce with wrath,

157

He loosed the monster, and across the forest

158

Dragged it so far, he made of that alone

159

A shield unto the whore and the strange beast.

160