Guide to the canto Where we are Dante is in the heaven of the fixed stars, before the cross of Mars where the blessed warriors form two luminous choirs. The canto opens with a praise of divine will, then a star runs along the right arm of the cross and stops beside him: all attention shifts to this new light.
Whom we meet The light that descends reveals itself to be Cacciaguida, Dante's great-great-grandfather, a knight in the service of the Emperor Conrad, who died in the Holy Land in the crusade against the law "whose people usurps your justice." It is he who speaks in the first person, recounting his own origins and ancient Florence. Beatrice adds no words, but her encouraging nod is decisive: it prompts Dante to ask the blessed soul's name.
What to expect After the family encounter, Cacciaguida will begin to unveil Dante's destiny: the mission of poet, the painful prophecies that await him, between exile and privations. To the sweetness of the vision of lost Florence will succeed an uncomfortable truth, and the poet will understand that his future glory passes through suffering and the loss of his city.
A will benign, in which reveals itself
1 Ever the love that righteously inspires,
2 As in the iniquitous, cupidity,
3 A benevolent will, in which the love that rightly inspires always pours itself forth, as cupidity does in iniquity, imposed silence upon that sweet lyre. · Verses 1-3
Silence imposed upon that dulcet lyre,
4 And quieted the consecrated chords,
5 That Heaven's right hand doth tighten and relax.
6 How unto just entreaties shall be deaf
7 Those substances, which, to give me desire
8 Of praying them, with one accord grew silent?
9 'Tis well that without end he should lament,
10 Who for the love of thing that doth not last
11 Eternally despoils him of that love!
12 As through the pure and tranquil evening air
13 There shoots from time to time a sudden fire,
14 Moving the eyes that steadfast were before,
15 As across serene, tranquil, and pure skies, a sudden flash of light runs, startling eyes that were at rest. · Verses 13-15
And seems to be a star that changeth place,
16 Except that in the part where it is kindled
17 Nothing is missed, and this endureth little;
18 So from the horn that to the right extends
19 Unto that cross's foot there ran a star
20 Out of the constellation shining there;
21 Nor was the gem dissevered from its ribbon,
22 But down the radiant fillet ran along,
23 So that fire seemed it behind alabaster.
24 Thus piteous did Anchises' shade reach forward,
25 If any faith our greatest Muse deserve,
26 When in Elysium he his son perceived.
27 "O sanguis meus, O superinfusa
28 Gratia Dei, sicut tibi, cui
29 Bis unquam Coeli janua reclusa?"
30 Thus that effulgence; whence I gave it heed;
31 Then round unto my Lady turned my sight,
32 And on this side and that was stupefied;
33 For in her eyes was burning such a smile
34 That with mine own methought I touched the bottom
35 Both of my grace and of my Paradise!
36 Then, pleasant to the hearing and the sight,
37 The spirit joined to its beginning things
38 I understood not, so profound it spake;
39 Then, joyful both to hear and to see, that spirit reached the beginning of things so profound that I could not grasp them, so deeply did he speak. · Verses 37-39
Nor did it hide itself from me by choice,
40 But by necessity; for its conception
41 Above the mark of mortals set itself.
42 And when the bow of burning sympathy
43 Was so far slackened, that its speech descended
44 Towards the mark of our intelligence,
45 The first thing that was understood by me
46 Was "Benedight be Thou, O Trine and One,
47 Who hast unto my seed so courteous been!"
48 And it continued: "Hunger long and grateful,
49 Drawn from the reading of the mighty volume
50 Wherein is never changed the white nor dark,
51 And he went on: "Son, you have satisfied within this light, in which I speak to you, the welcome and long fast fed by reading of the great volume where white and black never change. · Verses 49-51
Thou hast appeased, my son, within this light
52 In which I speak to thee, by grace of her
53 Who to this lofty flight with plumage clothed thee.
54 Thou thinkest that to me thy thought doth pass
55 From Him who is the first, as from the unit,
56 If that be known, ray out the five and six;
57 And therefore who I am thou askest not,
58 And why I seem more joyous unto thee
59 Than any other of this gladsome crowd.
60 Thou think'st the truth; because the small and great
61 Of this existence look into the mirror
62 Wherein, before thou think'st, thy thought thou showest.
63 But that the sacred love, in which I watch
64 With sight perpetual, and which makes me thirst
65 With sweet desire, may better be fulfilled,
66 Now let thy voice secure and frank and glad
67 Proclaim the wishes, the desire proclaim,
68 To which my answer is decreed already."
69 Let your voice, assured, bold, and glad, sound forth your will, sound forth your desire, to which my answer is already decreed!" · Verses 67-69
To Beatrice I turned me, and she heard
70 Before I spake, and smiled to me a sign,
71 That made the wings of my desire increase;
72 Then in this wise began I: "Love and knowledge,
73 When on you dawned the first Equality,
74 Of the same weight for each of you became;
75 For in the Sun, which lighted you and burned
76 With heat and radiance, they so equal are,
77 That all similitudes are insufficient.
78 But among mortals will and argument,
79 For reason that to you is manifest,
80 Diversely feathered in their pinions are.
81 Whence I, who mortal am, feel in myself
82 This inequality; so give not thanks,
83 Save in my heart, for this paternal welcome.
84 Therefore I, who am mortal, feel this unlikeness in myself, and so I give thanks only with my heart for the father's feast. · Verses 82-84
Truly do I entreat thee, living topaz!
85 Set in this precious jewel as a gem,
86 That thou wilt satisfy me with thy name."
87 "O leaf of mine, in whom I pleasure took
88 E'en while awaiting, I was thine own root!"
89 Such a beginning he in answer made me.
90 "O my branch, in which I took delight even as I awaited you, I was your root," he answered me with this beginning. · Verses 88-90
Then said to me: "That one from whom is named
91 Thy race, and who a hundred years and more
92 Has circled round the mount on the first cornice,
93 A son of mine and thy great-grandsire was;
94 Well it behoves thee that the long fatigue
95 Thou shouldst for him make shorter with thy works.
96 Florence, within the ancient boundary
97 From which she taketh still her tierce and nones,
98 Abode in quiet, temperate and chaste.
99 Florence, within the ancient walls from which she still takes tierce and nones, lived in peace, sober and chaste. · Verses 97-99
No golden chain she had, nor coronal,
100 Nor ladies shod with sandal shoon, nor girdle
101 That caught the eye more than the person did.
102 There were no little chains, no crowns, no embroidered gowns, no belts that drew the eye more than the person. · Verses 100-102
Not yet the daughter at her birth struck fear
103 Into the father, for the time and dower
104 Did not o'errun this side or that the measure.
105 No houses had she void of families,
106 Not yet had thither come Sardanapalus
107 To show what in a chamber can be done;
108 Not yet surpassed had Montemalo been
109 By your Uccellatojo, which surpassed
110 Shall in its downfall be as in its rise.
111 Montemalo had not yet been surpassed by your Uccellatoio, which, just as it wins in the ascent, so it will win in the decline. · Verses 109-111
Bellincion Berti saw I go begirt
112 With leather and with bone, and from the mirror
113 His dame depart without a painted face;
114 And him of Nerli saw, and him of Vecchio,
115 Contented with their simple suits of buff
116 And with the spindle and the flax their dames.
117 O fortunate women! and each one was certain
118 Of her own burial-place, and none as yet
119 For sake of France was in her bed deserted.
120 One o'er the cradle kept her studious watch,
121 And in her lullaby the language used
122 That first delights the fathers and the mothers;
123 Another, drawing tresses from her distaff,
124 Told o'er among her family the tales
125 Of Trojans and of Fesole and Rome.
126 The other, drawing the thread at the distaff, told her household stories of the Trojans, of Fiesole, and of Rome. · Verses 124-126
As great a marvel then would have been held
127 A Lapo Salterello, a Cianghella,
128 As Cincinnatus or Cornelia now.
129 To such a quiet, such a beautiful
130 Life of the citizen, to such a safe
131 Community, and to so sweet an inn,
132 Into so restful, so beautiful a citizen life, into so loyal a citizenry, into so sweet a dwelling, Mary gave me, · Verses 130-132
Did Mary give me, with loud cries invoked,
133 And in your ancient Baptistery at once
134 Christian and Cacciaguida I became.
135 Moronto was my brother, and Eliseo;
136 From Val di Pado came to me my wife,
137 And from that place thy surname was derived.
138 I followed afterward the Emperor Conrad,
139 And he begirt me of his chivalry,
140 So much I pleased him with my noble deeds.
141 I followed in his train against that law's
142 Iniquity, whose people doth usurp
143 Your just possession, through your Pastor's fault.
144 There by that execrable race was I
145 Released from bonds of the fallacious world,
146 The love of which defileth many souls,
147 And came from martyrdom unto this peace."
148 The list of places is under editorial review.
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