Cacciaguida and Ancient Florence

Guide to the canto

Where we are

Dante is in the heaven of the fixed stars, before the cross of Mars where the blessed warriors form two luminous choirs. The canto opens with a praise of divine will, then a star runs along the right arm of the cross and stops beside him: all attention shifts to this new light.

Whom we meet

The light that descends reveals itself to be Cacciaguida, Dante's great-great-grandfather, a knight in the service of the Emperor Conrad, who died in the Holy Land in the crusade against the law "whose people usurps your justice." It is he who speaks in the first person, recounting his own origins and ancient Florence. Beatrice adds no words, but her encouraging nod is decisive: it prompts Dante to ask the blessed soul's name.

What to expect

After the family encounter, Cacciaguida will begin to unveil Dante's destiny: the mission of poet, the painful prophecies that await him, between exile and privations. To the sweetness of the vision of lost Florence will succeed an uncomfortable truth, and the poet will understand that his future glory passes through suffering and the loss of his city.

Read the canto

Paradise · Canto XV
Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1867).
Paraphrase

A will benign, in which reveals itself

1

Ever the love that righteously inspires,

2

As in the iniquitous, cupidity,

3

Silence imposed upon that dulcet lyre,

4

And quieted the consecrated chords,

5

That Heaven's right hand doth tighten and relax.

6

How unto just entreaties shall be deaf

7

Those substances, which, to give me desire

8

Of praying them, with one accord grew silent?

9

'Tis well that without end he should lament,

10

Who for the love of thing that doth not last

11

Eternally despoils him of that love!

12

As through the pure and tranquil evening air

13

There shoots from time to time a sudden fire,

14

Moving the eyes that steadfast were before,

15

And seems to be a star that changeth place,

16

Except that in the part where it is kindled

17

Nothing is missed, and this endureth little;

18

So from the horn that to the right extends

19

Unto that cross's foot there ran a star

20

Out of the constellation shining there;

21

Nor was the gem dissevered from its ribbon,

22

But down the radiant fillet ran along,

23

So that fire seemed it behind alabaster.

24

Thus piteous did Anchises' shade reach forward,

25

If any faith our greatest Muse deserve,

26

When in Elysium he his son perceived.

27

"O sanguis meus, O superinfusa

28

Gratia Dei, sicut tibi, cui

29

Bis unquam Coeli janua reclusa?"

30

Thus that effulgence; whence I gave it heed;

31

Then round unto my Lady turned my sight,

32

And on this side and that was stupefied;

33

For in her eyes was burning such a smile

34

That with mine own methought I touched the bottom

35

Both of my grace and of my Paradise!

36

Then, pleasant to the hearing and the sight,

37

The spirit joined to its beginning things

38

I understood not, so profound it spake;

39

Nor did it hide itself from me by choice,

40

But by necessity; for its conception

41

Above the mark of mortals set itself.

42

And when the bow of burning sympathy

43

Was so far slackened, that its speech descended

44

Towards the mark of our intelligence,

45

The first thing that was understood by me

46

Was "Benedight be Thou, O Trine and One,

47

Who hast unto my seed so courteous been!"

48

And it continued: "Hunger long and grateful,

49

Drawn from the reading of the mighty volume

50

Wherein is never changed the white nor dark,

51

Thou hast appeased, my son, within this light

52

In which I speak to thee, by grace of her

53

Who to this lofty flight with plumage clothed thee.

54

Thou thinkest that to me thy thought doth pass

55

From Him who is the first, as from the unit,

56

If that be known, ray out the five and six;

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And therefore who I am thou askest not,

58

And why I seem more joyous unto thee

59

Than any other of this gladsome crowd.

60

Thou think'st the truth; because the small and great

61

Of this existence look into the mirror

62

Wherein, before thou think'st, thy thought thou showest.

63

But that the sacred love, in which I watch

64

With sight perpetual, and which makes me thirst

65

With sweet desire, may better be fulfilled,

66

Now let thy voice secure and frank and glad

67

Proclaim the wishes, the desire proclaim,

68

To which my answer is decreed already."

69

To Beatrice I turned me, and she heard

70

Before I spake, and smiled to me a sign,

71

That made the wings of my desire increase;

72

Then in this wise began I: "Love and knowledge,

73

When on you dawned the first Equality,

74

Of the same weight for each of you became;

75

For in the Sun, which lighted you and burned

76

With heat and radiance, they so equal are,

77

That all similitudes are insufficient.

78

But among mortals will and argument,

79

For reason that to you is manifest,

80

Diversely feathered in their pinions are.

81

Whence I, who mortal am, feel in myself

82

This inequality; so give not thanks,

83

Save in my heart, for this paternal welcome.

84

Truly do I entreat thee, living topaz!

85

Set in this precious jewel as a gem,

86

That thou wilt satisfy me with thy name."

87

"O leaf of mine, in whom I pleasure took

88

E'en while awaiting, I was thine own root!"

89

Such a beginning he in answer made me.

90

Then said to me: "That one from whom is named

91

Thy race, and who a hundred years and more

92

Has circled round the mount on the first cornice,

93

A son of mine and thy great-grandsire was;

94

Well it behoves thee that the long fatigue

95

Thou shouldst for him make shorter with thy works.

96

Florence, within the ancient boundary

97

From which she taketh still her tierce and nones,

98

Abode in quiet, temperate and chaste.

99

No golden chain she had, nor coronal,

100

Nor ladies shod with sandal shoon, nor girdle

101

That caught the eye more than the person did.

102

Not yet the daughter at her birth struck fear

103

Into the father, for the time and dower

104

Did not o'errun this side or that the measure.

105

No houses had she void of families,

106

Not yet had thither come Sardanapalus

107

To show what in a chamber can be done;

108

Not yet surpassed had Montemalo been

109

By your Uccellatojo, which surpassed

110

Shall in its downfall be as in its rise.

111

Bellincion Berti saw I go begirt

112

With leather and with bone, and from the mirror

113

His dame depart without a painted face;

114

And him of Nerli saw, and him of Vecchio,

115

Contented with their simple suits of buff

116

And with the spindle and the flax their dames.

117

O fortunate women! and each one was certain

118

Of her own burial-place, and none as yet

119

For sake of France was in her bed deserted.

120

One o'er the cradle kept her studious watch,

121

And in her lullaby the language used

122

That first delights the fathers and the mothers;

123

Another, drawing tresses from her distaff,

124

Told o'er among her family the tales

125

Of Trojans and of Fesole and Rome.

126

As great a marvel then would have been held

127

A Lapo Salterello, a Cianghella,

128

As Cincinnatus or Cornelia now.

129

To such a quiet, such a beautiful

130

Life of the citizen, to such a safe

131

Community, and to so sweet an inn,

132

Did Mary give me, with loud cries invoked,

133

And in your ancient Baptistery at once

134

Christian and Cacciaguida I became.

135

Moronto was my brother, and Eliseo;

136

From Val di Pado came to me my wife,

137

And from that place thy surname was derived.

138

I followed afterward the Emperor Conrad,

139

And he begirt me of his chivalry,

140

So much I pleased him with my noble deeds.

141

I followed in his train against that law's

142

Iniquity, whose people doth usurp

143

Your just possession, through your Pastor's fault.

144

There by that execrable race was I

145

Released from bonds of the fallacious world,

146

The love of which defileth many souls,

147

And came from martyrdom unto this peace."

148