The Heaven of the Sun and the Crown of the Wise
Guide to the canto
Dante ascends to the fourth heaven, that of the Sun, without realizing it, because Beatrice carries him from good to good more swiftly than thought. Beatrice urges him to give thanks to God for the grace received, and around him two garlands of lights arrange themselves, singing as they dance. This is the heaven of wisdom, where theologians and masters of Christian thought shine forth.
Whom we meet
Saint Thomas Aquinas speaks first and introduces himself: beside him he points out his master Albert of Cologne. Then, one after another, he presents the other lights of the crown: Gratian, Peter Lombard, Solomon, Saint Bonaventure, the blessed Boethius, Bede, Richard of Saint Victor, and Siger of Brabant.
What to expect
After the singing there opens a comparison between Saint Francis and Saint Dominic, with Thomas weaving the praises of the second and touching upon the first. The reader should expect above all a question already raised in the preceding cantos, which Thomas will take up again: why Saint Francis is here beside Dominic, and what role the two guides play in the history of the Church.
Read the canto
Paraphrase