← Canto VII

Purgatory, Canto VIII

Canto IX →

The night, the serpent, and Currado Malaspina

Guide to the canto

Where we are

Evening descends in the valley of the princes, and two angels come down from the sky with two blunted swords, taking their stand on the two banks to keep watch. Sordello explains to Dante that this is a protection against the serpent that will come. The air grows dark, the stars come out, and the silence of the kings is broken by the arrival of a shade that stares fixedly at Dante.

Whom we meet

Sordello calls Currado Malaspina by name; he rises and approaches. Currado entrusts Dante with a message for his daughter Giovanna and hurls a bitter reproach at his wife, who has changed her widow's garments, recalling the viper of the Malaspini of Lunigiana and the cock of Gallura. Dante replies with a praise of the Malaspina house. The serpent appears and is driven back by the angels.

What to expect

After the encounter, Dante's esteem for the Malaspina becomes clear, often read as a sign of a personal bond that will fill the following cantos. The serpent driven back by the angels foreshadows the nocturnal temptations awaiting the penitents. Dante must now carry out the mission entrusted to him by Currado once he has returned to the world of the living.

Read the canto

Purgatory · Canto VIII
Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1867).
Paraphrase

'Twas now the hour that turneth back desire

1

In those who sail the sea, and melts the heart,

2

The day they've said to their sweet friends farewell,

3

And the new pilgrim penetrates with love,

4

If he doth hear from far away a bell

5

That seemeth to deplore the dying day,

6

When I began to make of no avail

7

My hearing, and to watch one of the souls

8

Uprisen, that begged attention with its hand.

9

It joined and lifted upward both its palms,

10

Fixing its eyes upon the orient,

11

As if it said to God, "Naught else I care for."

12

"Te lucis ante" so devoutly issued

13

Forth from its mouth, and with such dulcet notes,

14

It made me issue forth from my own mind.

15

And then the others, sweetly and devoutly,

16

Accompanied it through all the hymn entire,

17

Having their eyes on the supernal wheels.

18

Here, Reader, fix thine eyes well on the truth,

19

For now indeed so subtile is the veil,

20

Surely to penetrate within is easy.

21

I saw that army of the gentle-born

22

Thereafterward in silence upward gaze,

23

As if in expectation, pale and humble;

24

And from on high come forth and down descend,

25

I saw two Angels with two flaming swords,

26

Truncated and deprived of their points.

27

Green as the little leaflets just now born

28

Their garments were, which, by their verdant pinions

29

Beaten and blown abroad, they trailed behind.

30

One just above us came to take his station,

31

And one descended to the opposite bank,

32

So that the people were contained between them.

33

Clearly in them discerned I the blond head;

34

But in their faces was the eye bewildered,

35

As faculty confounded by excess.

36

"From Mary's bosom both of them have come,"

37

Sordello said, "as guardians of the valley

38

Against the serpent, that will come anon."

39

Whereupon I, who knew not by what road,

40

Turned round about, and closely drew myself,

41

Utterly frozen, to the faithful shoulders.

42

And once again Sordello: "Now descend we

43

'Mid the grand shades, and we will speak to them;

44

Right pleasant will it be for them to see you."

45

Only three steps I think that I descended,

46

And was below, and saw one who was looking

47

Only at me, as if he fain would know me.

48

Already now the air was growing dark,

49

But not so that between his eyes and mine

50

It did not show what it before locked up.

51

Tow'rds me he moved, and I tow'rds him did move;

52

Noble Judge Nino! how it me delighted,

53

When I beheld thee not among the damned!

54

No greeting fair was left unsaid between us;

55

Then asked he: "How long is it since thou camest

56

O'er the far waters to the mountain's foot?"

57

"Oh!" said I to him, "through the dismal places

58

I came this morn; and am in the first life,

59

Albeit the other, going thus, I gain."

60

And on the instant my reply was heard,

61

He and Sordello both shrank back from me,

62

Like people who are suddenly bewildered.

63

One to Virgilius, and the other turned

64

To one who sat there, crying, "Up, Currado!

65

Come and behold what God in grace has willed!"

66

Then, turned to me: "By that especial grace

67

Thou owest unto Him, who so conceals

68

His own first wherefore, that it has no ford,

69

When thou shalt be beyond the waters wide,

70

Tell my Giovanna that she pray for me,

71

Where answer to the innocent is made.

72

I do not think her mother loves me more,

73

Since she has laid aside her wimple white,

74

Which she, unhappy, needs must wish again.

75

Through her full easily is comprehended

76

How long in woman lasts the fire of love,

77

If eye or touch do not relight it often.

78

So fair a hatchment will not make for her

79

The Viper marshalling the Milanese

80

A-field, as would have made Gallura's Cock."

81

In this wise spake he, with the stamp impressed

82

Upon his aspect of that righteous zeal

83

Which measurably burneth in the heart.

84

My greedy eyes still wandered up to heaven,

85

Still to that point where slowest are the stars,

86

Even as a wheel the nearest to its axle.

87

And my Conductor: "Son, what dost thou gaze at

88

Up there?" And I to him: "At those three torches

89

With which this hither pole is all on fire."

90

And he to me: "The four resplendent stars

91

Thou sawest this morning are down yonder low,

92

And these have mounted up to where those were."

93

As he was speaking, to himself Sordello

94

Drew him, and said, "Lo there our Adversary!"

95

And pointed with his finger to look thither.

96

Upon the side on which the little valley

97

No barrier hath, a serpent was; perchance

98

The same which gave to Eve the bitter food.

99

'Twixt grass and flowers came on the evil streak,

100

Turning at times its head about, and licking

101

Its back like to a beast that smoothes itself.

102

I did not see, and therefore cannot say

103

How the celestial falcons 'gan to move,

104

But well I saw that they were both in motion.

105

Hearing the air cleft by their verdant wings,

106

The serpent fled, and round the Angels wheeled,

107

Up to their stations flying back alike.

108

The shade that to the Judge had near approached

109

When he had called, throughout that whole assault

110

Had not a moment loosed its gaze on me.

111

"So may the light that leadeth thee on high

112

Find in thine own free-will as much of wax

113

As needful is up to the highest azure,"

114

Began it, "if some true intelligence

115

Of Valdimagra or its neighbourhood

116

Thou knowest, tell it me, who once was great there.

117

Currado Malaspina was I called;

118

I'm not the elder, but from him descended;

119

To mine I bore the love which here refineth."

120

"O," said I unto him, "through your domains

121

I never passed, but where is there a dwelling

122

Throughout all Europe, where they are not known?

123

That fame, which doeth honour to your house,

124

Proclaims its Signors and proclaims its land,

125

So that he knows of them who ne'er was there.

126

And, as I hope for heaven, I swear to you

127

Your honoured family in naught abates

128

The glory of the purse and of the sword.

129

It is so privileged by use and nature,

130

That though a guilty head misguide the world,

131

Sole it goes right, and scorns the evil way."

132

And he: "Now go; for the sun shall not lie

133

Seven times upon the pillow which the Ram

134

With all his four feet covers and bestrides,

135

Before that such a courteous opinion

136

Shall in the middle of thy head be nailed

137

With greater nails than of another's speech,

138

Unless the course of justice standeth still."

139