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Paradise, Canto XXVI

Canto XXVII →

Charity, Adam, and human language

Guide to the canto

Where we are

Dante is still in the eighth heaven, the Primum Mobile, where the crown of the blessed revolves around a point of most intense light. The place does not change, but a flame more radiant than the others speaks for the third examination, that on charity. Dante's sight, consumed by the light of Saint John, must be restored by Beatrice.

Whom we meet

Saint John asks Dante what draws him toward God beyond reason and authority. After Dante's answers, the same Saint John presses for a second degree of love. Beatrice then points out a fourth light, the first soul that gazes upon its maker: it is Adam, who recounts his own story, from the earthly garden to the language he once spoke, now extinct.

What to expect

At the end of the dialogue with Adam the canto closes in suspense: Beatrice points out the rivers of light of the Primum Mobile—Faith, Hope, and Charity—and warns Dante, preparing him to look upon her face and, beyond that, upon the final sight of God. The reader's guide therefore awaits the passage from conversation to contemplation.

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Paradise · Canto XXVI
Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1867).
Paraphrase

While I was doubting for my vision quenched,

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Out of the flame refulgent that had quenched it

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Issued a breathing, that attentive made me,

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Saying: "While thou recoverest the sense

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Of seeing which in me thou hast consumed,

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'Tis well that speaking thou shouldst compensate it.

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Begin then, and declare to what thy soul

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Is aimed, and count it for a certainty,

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Sight is in thee bewildered and not dead;

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Because the Lady, who through this divine

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Region conducteth thee, has in her look

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The power the hand of Ananias had."

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I said: "As pleaseth her, or soon or late

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Let the cure come to eyes that portals were

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When she with fire I ever burn with entered.

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The Good, that gives contentment to this Court,

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The Alpha and Omega is of all

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The writing that love reads me low or loud."

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The selfsame voice, that taken had from me

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The terror of the sudden dazzlement,

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To speak still farther put it in my thought;

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And said: "In verity with finer sieve

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Behoveth thee to sift; thee it behoveth

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To say who aimed thy bow at such a target."

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And I: "By philosophic arguments,

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And by authority that hence descends,

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Such love must needs imprint itself in me;

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For Good, so far as good, when comprehended

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Doth straight enkindle love, and so much greater

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As more of goodness in itself it holds;

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Then to that Essence (whose is such advantage

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That every good which out of it is found

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Is nothing but a ray of its own light)

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More than elsewhither must the mind be moved

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Of every one, in loving, who discerns

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The truth in which this evidence is founded.

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Such truth he to my intellect reveals

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Who demonstrates to me the primal love

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Of all the sempiternal substances.

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The voice reveals it of the truthful Author,

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Who says to Moses, speaking of Himself,

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'I will make all my goodness pass before thee.'

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Thou too revealest it to me, beginning

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The loud Evangel, that proclaims the secret

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Of heaven to earth above all other edict."

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And I heard say: "By human intellect

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And by authority concordant with it,

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Of all thy loves reserve for God the highest.

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But say again if other cords thou feelest,

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Draw thee towards Him, that thou mayst proclaim

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With how many teeth this love is biting thee."

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The holy purpose of the Eagle of Christ

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Not latent was, nay, rather I perceived

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Whither he fain would my profession lead.

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Therefore I recommenced: "All of those bites

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Which have the power to turn the heart to God

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Unto my charity have been concurrent.

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The being of the world, and my own being,

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The death which He endured that I may live,

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And that which all the faithful hope, as I do,

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With the forementioned vivid consciousness

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Have drawn me from the sea of love perverse,

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And of the right have placed me on the shore.

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The leaves, wherewith embowered is all the garden

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Of the Eternal Gardener, do I love

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As much as he has granted them of good."

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As soon as I had ceased, a song most sweet

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Throughout the heaven resounded, and my Lady

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Said with the others, "Holy, holy, holy!"

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And as at some keen light one wakes from sleep

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By reason of the visual spirit that runs

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Unto the splendour passed from coat to coat,

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And he who wakes abhorreth what he sees,

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So all unconscious is his sudden waking,

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Until the judgment cometh to his aid,

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So from before mine eyes did Beatrice

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Chase every mote with radiance of her own,

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That cast its light a thousand miles and more.

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Whence better after than before I saw,

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And in a kind of wonderment I asked

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About a fourth light that I saw with us.

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And said my Lady: "There within those rays

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Gazes upon its Maker the first soul

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That ever the first virtue did create."

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Even as the bough that downward bends its top

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At transit of the wind, and then is lifted

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By its own virtue, which inclines it upward,

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Likewise did I, the while that she was speaking,

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Being amazed, and then I was made bold

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By a desire to speak wherewith I burned.

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And I began: "O apple, that mature

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Alone hast been produced, O ancient father,

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To whom each wife is daughter and daughter-in-law,

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Devoutly as I can I supplicate thee

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That thou wouldst speak to me; thou seest my wish;

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And I, to hear thee quickly, speak it not."

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Sometimes an animal, when covered, struggles

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So that his impulse needs must be apparent,

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By reason of the wrappage following it;

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And in like manner the primeval soul

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Made clear to me athwart its covering

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How jubilant it was to give me pleasure.

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Then breathed: "Without thy uttering it to me,

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Thine inclination better I discern

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Than thou whatever thing is surest to thee;

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For I behold it in the truthful mirror,

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That of Himself all things parhelion makes,

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And none makes Him parhelion of itself.

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Thou fain wouldst hear how long ago God placed me

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Within the lofty garden, where this Lady

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Unto so long a stairway thee disposed.

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And how long to mine eyes it was a pleasure,

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And of the great disdain the proper cause,

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And the language that I used and that I made.

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Now, son of mine, the tasting of the tree

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Not in itself was cause of so great exile,

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But solely the o'erstepping of the bounds.

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There, whence thy Lady moved Virgilius,

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Four thousand and three hundred and two circuits

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Made by the sun, this Council I desired;

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And him I saw return to all the lights

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Of his highway nine hundred times and thirty,

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Whilst I upon the earth was tarrying.

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The language that I spake was quite extinct

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Before that in the work interminable

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The people under Nimrod were employed;

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For nevermore result of reasoning

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(Because of human pleasure that doth change,

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Obedient to the heavens) was durable.

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A natural action is it that man speaks;

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But whether thus or thus, doth nature leave

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To your own art, as seemeth best to you.

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Ere I descended to the infernal anguish,

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'El' was on earth the name of the Chief Good,

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From whom comes all the joy that wraps me round

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'Eli' he then was called, and that is proper,

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Because the use of men is like a leaf

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On bough, which goeth and another cometh.

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Upon the mount that highest o'er the wave

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Rises was I, in life or pure or sinful,

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From the first hour to that which is the second,

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As the sun changes quadrant, to the sixth."

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