Charity, Adam, and human language
Guide to the canto
Dante is still in the eighth heaven, the Primum Mobile, where the crown of the blessed revolves around a point of most intense light. The place does not change, but a flame more radiant than the others speaks for the third examination, that on charity. Dante's sight, consumed by the light of Saint John, must be restored by Beatrice.
Whom we meet
Saint John asks Dante what draws him toward God beyond reason and authority. After Dante's answers, the same Saint John presses for a second degree of love. Beatrice then points out a fourth light, the first soul that gazes upon its maker: it is Adam, who recounts his own story, from the earthly garden to the language he once spoke, now extinct.
What to expect
At the end of the dialogue with Adam the canto closes in suspense: Beatrice points out the rivers of light of the Primum Mobile—Faith, Hope, and Charity—and warns Dante, preparing him to look upon her face and, beyond that, upon the final sight of God. The reader's guide therefore awaits the passage from conversation to contemplation.
Read the canto
Paraphrase