Guide to the canto Where we are We remain in the heaven of Mars only long enough for Cacciaguida to name the great champions of the faith and to ignite them within the cross. Then the journey rises to the sixth heaven, that of Jupiter, where the light is so tempered that the eye bears it without strain. Here the blessed do not remain still: they arrange themselves into figures of letters, announcing a message of justice addressed to those who govern the earth.
Whom we meet Cacciaguida and Beatrice remain on the scene. Within the luminous cross Cacciaguida points out the new warrior spirits: Joshua, Judas Maccabeus, Charlemagne, Roland, William, Renouard, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Robert Guiscard, all champions of the faith before ascending to heaven. The souls of the heaven of Jupiter enter the scene, showing themselves for the first time as an ordered choir rather than as single lights.
What to expect The canto closes with a very harsh denunciation of those who lead the people of God for personal gain, recalling that Peter and Paul are still alive as models. Dante asks Jupiter to kindle itself against the corruption of the shepherds. The reader prepares for a crucial passage: from the mystical vision to civil commitment, before the ascent to the heaven of the fixed stars.
Now was alone rejoicing in its word
1 That soul beatified, and I was tasting
2 My own, the bitter tempering with the sweet,
3 And the Lady who to God was leading me
4 Said: "Change thy thought; consider that I am
5 Near unto Him who every wrong disburdens."
6 Unto the loving accents of my comfort
7 I turned me round, and then what love I saw
8 Within those holy eyes I here relinquish;
9 Not only that my language I distrust,
10 But that my mind cannot return so far
11 Above itself, unless another guide it.
12 Thus much upon that point can I repeat,
13 That, her again beholding, my affection
14 From every other longing was released.
15 While the eternal pleasure, which direct
16 Rayed upon Beatrice, from her fair face
17 Contented me with its reflected aspect,
18 Of that moment I can report only this: gazing at her, my affection was free of every other desire, until the eternal pleasure, which shone straight into Beatrice, content me with its second aspect starting from her lovely face. · Verses 13-18
Conquering me with the radiance of a smile,
19 She said to me, "Turn thee about and listen;
20 Not in mine eyes alone is Paradise."
21 Even as sometimes here do we behold
22 The affection in the look, if it be such
23 That all the soul is wrapt away by it,
24 So, by the flaming of the effulgence holy
25 To which I turned, I recognized therein
26 The wish of speaking to me somewhat farther.
27 As sometimes it happens that the emotion in the eyes so seizes the soul that it takes it over completely, so in the blazing of the sacred thunderbolt toward which I had turned, I recognized in it the wish to speak with me a little more. · Verses 22-27
And it began: "In this fifth resting-place
28 Upon the tree that liveth by its summit,
29 And aye bears fruit, and never loses leaf,
30 Are blessed spirits that below, ere yet
31 They came to Heaven, were of such great renown
32 That every Muse therewith would affluent be.
33 He began: "On this fifth tier of the tree that draws its life from the top and fruits forever without ever losing its leaves, there dwell blessed spirits who, before they came to heaven, had so great a voice on earth that every Muse would have been enriched by it. · Verses 28-33
Therefore look thou upon the cross's horns;
34 He whom I now shall name will there enact
35 What doth within a cloud its own swift fire."
36 I saw athwart the Cross a splendour drawn
37 By naming Joshua, (even as he did it,)
38 Nor noted I the word before the deed;
39 And at the name of the great Maccabee
40 I saw another move itself revolving,
41 And gladness was the whip unto that top.
42 At the name of the great Maccabeus, I saw another light move, whirling around, and joy was the goad of the wheel. · Verses 40-42
Likewise for Charlemagne and for Orlando,
43 Two of them my regard attentive followed
44 As followeth the eye its falcon flying.
45 So, for Charlemagne and for Orlando, my attentive gaze followed two of them, as the eye follows its falcon in flight. · Verses 43-45
William thereafterward, and Renouard,
46 And the Duke Godfrey, did attract my sight
47 Along upon that Cross, and Robert Guiscard.
48 Then, moved and mingled with the other lights,
49 The soul that had addressed me showed how great
50 An artist 'twas among the heavenly singers.
51 Then, among the other lights moving and mingling together, he showed me the soul that had spoken to me, like the most skilled among the singers of heaven. · Verses 49-51
To my right side I turned myself around,
52 My duty to behold in Beatrice
53 Either by words or gesture signified;
54 And so translucent I beheld her eyes,
55 So full of pleasure, that her countenance
56 Surpassed its other and its latest wont.
57 And as, by feeling greater delectation,
58 A man in doing good from day to day
59 Becomes aware his virtue is increasing,
60 So I became aware that my gyration
61 With heaven together had increased its arc,
62 That miracle beholding more adorned.
63 As a person who, doing good, feels day by day that he is advancing and increases his virtue, so I realized that my circling round together with the heaven had widened the arc, seeing that spectacle still more adorned. · Verses 58-63
And such as is the change, in little lapse
64 Of time, in a pale woman, when her face
65 Is from the load of bashfulness unladen,
66 Such was it in mine eyes, when I had turned,
67 Caused by the whiteness of the temperate star,
68 The sixth, which to itself had gathered me.
69 And as the change in a brief moment is in a white woman, when her face unburdens itself of the weight of shame, such was the change in my eyes, when I turned, because of the whiteness of the sixth star, tempered, which had gathered me within itself. · Verses 64-69
Within that Jovial torch did I behold
70 The sparkling of the love which was therein
71 Delineate our language to mine eyes.
72 And even as birds uprisen from the shore,
73 As in congratulation o'er their food,
74 Make squadrons of themselves, now round, now long,
75 So from within those lights the holy creatures
76 Sang flying to and fro, and in their figures
77 Made of themselves now D, now I, now L.
78 And as birds risen from a river, as if congratulating their pasture, form now a round and now another array, so, wheeling, the holy creatures sang among the lights and made themselves now a D, now an I, now an L in their figures. · Verses 73-78
First singing they to their own music moved;
79 Then one becoming of these characters,
80 A little while they rested and were silent.
81 At first, while singing, they moved to their note; then, becoming one of those signs, they stopped for a little and were silent. · Verses 79-81
O divine Pegasea, thou who genius
82 Dost glorious make, and render it long-lived,
83 And this through thee the cities and the kingdoms,
84 Illume me with thyself, that I may bring
85 Their figures out as I have them conceived!
86 Apparent be thy power in these brief verses!
87 O divine Pegasean, who make minds glorious and grant them long life, and with you illuminate cities and kingdoms, enlighten me with your light, so that I may set forth their figures as I have conceived them: let your power appear in these brief verses! · Verses 82-87
Themselves then they displayed in five times seven
88 Vowels and consonants; and I observed
89 The parts as they seemed spoken unto me.
90 'Diligite justitiam,' these were
91 First verb and noun of all that was depicted;
92 'Qui judicatis terram' were the last.
93 Thereafter in the M of the fifth word
94 Remained they so arranged, that Jupiter
95 Seemed to be silver there with gold inlaid.
96 And other lights I saw descend where was
97 The summit of the M, and pause there singing
98 The good, I think, that draws them to itself.
99 And I saw other lights descend where the top of the M was, and settle there, singing, I believe, the good that moves them to itself. · Verses 97-99
Then, as in striking upon burning logs
100 Upward there fly innumerable sparks,
101 Whence fools are wont to look for auguries,
102 More than a thousand lights seemed thence to rise,
103 And to ascend, some more, and others less,
104 Even as the Sun that lights them had allotted;
105 Then, as from struck burning logs innumerable sparks arise, from which the foolish are wont to draw auguries, so more than a thousand lights seemed to rise again from that point and climb, some higher and some less, according as the sun that kindles them had allotted. · Verses 100-105
And, each one being quiet in its place,
106 The head and neck beheld I of an eagle
107 Delineated by that inlaid fire.
108 He who there paints has none to be his guide;
109 But Himself guides; and is from Him remembered
110 That virtue which is form unto the nest.
111 The other beatitude, that contented seemed
112 At first to bloom a lily on the M,
113 By a slight motion followed out the imprint.
114 O gentle star! what and how many gems
115 Did demonstrate to me, that all our justice
116 Effect is of that heaven which thou ingemmest!
117 Wherefore I pray the Mind, in which begin
118 Thy motion and thy virtue, to regard
119 Whence comes the smoke that vitiates thy rays;
120 So that a second time it now be wroth
121 With buying and with selling in the temple
122 Whose walls were built with signs and martyrdoms!
123 O soldiery of heaven, whom I contemplate,
124 Implore for those who are upon the earth
125 All gone astray after the bad example!
126 Once 'twas the custom to make war with swords;
127 But now 'tis made by taking here and there
128 The bread the pitying Father shuts from none.
129 Yet thou, who writest but to cancel, think
130 That Peter and that Paul, who for this vineyard
131 Which thou art spoiling died, are still alive!
132 But you who write only to cancel, think that Peter and Paul, who died for the vineyard you are wasting, are still alive. · Verses 130-132
Well canst thou say: "So steadfast my desire
133 Is unto him who willed to live alone,
134 And for a dance was led to martyrdom,
135 That I know not the Fisherman nor Paul."
136 The list of places is under editorial review.
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