The falsifiers in the tenth bolgia

Guide to the canto

Where we are

Dante leaves the ninth bolgia and descends along the bridge to the final pit of Malebolge, where the scene changes abruptly: laments and a stench of rotting flesh replace the spectacle of torn flesh just witnessed. On the bottom lie figures covered in leprosy, in different postures, scratching themselves unceasingly with their nails. Virgil urges Dante to resume his journey and not waste time counting the circuits that still remain.

Whom we meet

Two alchemists appear, Griffolino d'Arezzo and Capocchio of Siena. Griffolino recounts that he was burned alive by Albero of Siena, to whom he had jokingly promised to teach him to fly, and explains that in the final bolgia he was damned for alchemy. Capocchio, who calls himself a monkey of nature, recalls with a bitter smile the Sienese brigade of spendthrifts, among them Stricca, Niccolò, and Caccia d'Asciano. A little earlier, without any exchange of words, the shade of Geri del Bello, a relative of Dante, had appeared, whom the poet had not been able to greet.

What to expect

The encounter opens the space of the falsifiers of persons, who will require of Dante a far more direct and unpleasant involvement. The reference to Geri del Bello and to the death without vengeance resurfaces as a motif destined to return. The next stage is another moral test before the pit of the giants.

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Inferno · Canto XXIX
Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1867).
Paraphrase

The many people and the divers wounds

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These eyes of mine had so inebriated,

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That they were wishful to stand still and weep;

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But said Virgilius: "What dost thou still gaze at?

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Why is thy sight still riveted down there

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Among the mournful, mutilated shades?

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Thou hast not done so at the other Bolge;

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Consider, if to count them thou believest,

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That two-and-twenty miles the valley winds,

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And now the moon is underneath our feet;

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Henceforth the time allotted us is brief,

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And more is to be seen than what thou seest."

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"If thou hadst," I made answer thereupon,

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"Attended to the cause for which I looked,

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Perhaps a longer stay thou wouldst have pardoned."

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Meanwhile my Guide departed, and behind him

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I went, already making my reply,

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And superadding: "In that cavern where

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I held mine eyes with such attention fixed,

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I think a spirit of my blood laments

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The sin which down below there costs so much."

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Then said the Master: "Be no longer broken

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Thy thought from this time forward upon him;

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Attend elsewhere, and there let him remain;

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For him I saw below the little bridge,

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Pointing at thee, and threatening with his finger

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Fiercely, and heard him called Geri del Bello.

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So wholly at that time wast thou impeded

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By him who formerly held Altaforte,

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Thou didst not look that way; so he departed."

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"O my Conductor, his own violent death,

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Which is not yet avenged for him," I said,

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"By any who is sharer in the shame,

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Made him disdainful; whence he went away,

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As I imagine, without speaking to me,

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And thereby made me pity him the more."

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Thus did we speak as far as the first place

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Upon the crag, which the next valley shows

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Down to the bottom, if there were more light.

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When we were now right over the last cloister

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Of Malebolge, so that its lay-brothers

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Could manifest themselves unto our sight,

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Divers lamentings pierced me through and through,

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Which with compassion had their arrows barbed,

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Whereat mine ears I covered with my hands.

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What pain would be, if from the hospitals

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Of Valdichiana, 'twixt July and September,

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And of Maremma and Sardinia

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All the diseases in one moat were gathered,

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Such was it here, and such a stench came from it

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As from putrescent limbs is wont to issue.

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We had descended on the furthest bank

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From the long crag, upon the left hand still,

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And then more vivid was my power of sight

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Down tow'rds the bottom, where the ministress

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Of the high Lord, Justice infallible,

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Punishes forgers, which she here records.

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I do not think a sadder sight to see

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Was in Aegina the whole people sick,

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(When was the air so full of pestilence,

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The animals, down to the little worm,

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All fell, and afterwards the ancient people,

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According as the poets have affirmed,

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Were from the seed of ants restored again,)

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Than was it to behold through that dark valley

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The spirits languishing in divers heaps.

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This on the belly, that upon the back

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One of the other lay, and others crawling

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Shifted themselves along the dismal road.

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We step by step went onward without speech,

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Gazing upon and listening to the sick

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Who had not strength enough to lift their bodies.

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I saw two sitting leaned against each other,

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As leans in heating platter against platter,

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From head to foot bespotted o'er with scabs;

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And never saw I plied a currycomb

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By stable-boy for whom his master waits,

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Or him who keeps awake unwillingly,

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As every one was plying fast the bite

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Of nails upon himself, for the great rage

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Of itching which no other succour had.

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And the nails downward with them dragged the scab,

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In fashion as a knife the scales of bream,

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Or any other fish that has them largest.

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"O thou, that with thy fingers dost dismail thee,"

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Began my Leader unto one of them,

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"And makest of them pincers now and then,

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Tell me if any Latian is with those

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Who are herein; so may thy nails suffice thee

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To all eternity unto this work."

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"Latians are we, whom thou so wasted seest,

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Both of us here," one weeping made reply;

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"But who art thou, that questionest about us?"

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And said the Guide: "One am I who descends

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Down with this living man from cliff to cliff,

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And I intend to show Hell unto him."

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Then broken was their mutual support,

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And trembling each one turned himself to me,

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With others who had heard him by rebound.

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Wholly to me did the good Master gather,

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Saying: "Say unto them whate'er thou wishest."

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And I began, since he would have it so:

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"So may your memory not steal away

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In the first world from out the minds of men,

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But so may it survive 'neath many suns,

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Say to me who ye are, and of what people;

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Let not your foul and loathsome punishment

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Make you afraid to show yourselves to me."

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"I of Arezzo was," one made reply,

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"And Albert of Siena had me burned;

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But what I died for does not bring me here.

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'Tis true I said to him, speaking in jest,

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That I could rise by flight into the air,

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And he who had conceit, but little wit,

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Would have me show to him the art; and only

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Because no Daedalus I made him, made me

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Be burned by one who held him as his son.

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But unto the last Bolgia of the ten,

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For alchemy, which in the world I practised,

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Minos, who cannot err, has me condemned."

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And to the Poet said I: "Now was ever

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So vain a people as the Sienese?

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Not for a certainty the French by far."

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Whereat the other leper, who had heard me,

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Replied unto my speech: "Taking out Stricca,

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Who knew the art of moderate expenses,

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And Niccolo, who the luxurious use

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Of cloves discovered earliest of all

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Within that garden where such seed takes root;

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And taking out the band, among whom squandered

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Caccia d'Ascian his vineyards and vast woods,

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And where his wit the Abbagliato proffered!

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But, that thou know who thus doth second thee

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Against the Sienese, make sharp thine eye

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Tow'rds me, so that my face well answer thee,

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And thou shalt see I am Capocchio's shade,

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Who metals falsified by alchemy;

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Thou must remember, if I well descry thee,

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How I a skilful ape of nature was."

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