The fifth bolgia and the Malebranche

Guide to the canto

Where we are

From the fourth bolgia, along the bridges that cross the Malebolge, Dante and Virgil stop on the next parapet. Below them a thick pitch boils, heated not by fire but by divine art, hiding the damned from view. The danger is twofold: slipping into the boiling mass or being hooked by the devils who guard the bolgia. The conflict arises precisely here, when a devil suddenly emerges behind the two travellers.

Whom we meet

A black devil runs along the crag with a damned soul from Lucca on his shoulder. Then Malacoda makes his entrance, the leader of a squad of ten devils who descend from the bridge to parley with Virgil. Alichino, Calcabrina, Cagnazzo, Barbariccia, Libicocco, Draghignazzo, Ciriatto, Graffiacane, Farfarello, and Rubicante make up the escort, with Scarmiglione attempting a hostile gesture. It is the first time the devils become true interlocutors of the journey.

What to expect

After the pact with Malacoda, Dante and Virgil continue, escorted by the ten devils, toward the sixth bolgia. The truce appears fragile: Dante notices the bared teeth of the Malebranche and asks Virgil to go on without an escort, only to be told not to fear. The obstacle of the sixth arch remains, collapsed for more than one thousand two hundred years, along with the unease of walking side by side with the infernal guardians.

Read the canto

Inferno · Canto XXI
Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1867).
Paraphrase

From bridge to bridge thus, speaking other things

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Of which my Comedy cares not to sing,

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We came along, and held the summit, when

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We halted to behold another fissure

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Of Malebolge and other vain laments;

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And I beheld it marvellously dark.

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As in the Arsenal of the Venetians

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Boils in the winter the tenacious pitch

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To smear their unsound vessels o'er again,

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For sail they cannot; and instead thereof

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One makes his vessel new, and one recaulks

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The ribs of that which many a voyage has made;

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One hammers at the prow, one at the stern,

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This one makes oars, and that one cordage twists,

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Another mends the mainsail and the mizzen;

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Thus, not by fire, but by the art divine,

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Was boiling down below there a dense pitch

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Which upon every side the bank belimed.

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I saw it, but I did not see within it

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Aught but the bubbles that the boiling raised,

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And all swell up and resubside compressed.

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The while below there fixedly I gazed,

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My Leader, crying out: "Beware, beware!"

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Drew me unto himself from where I stood.

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Then I turned round, as one who is impatient

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To see what it behoves him to escape,

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And whom a sudden terror doth unman,

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Who, while he looks, delays not his departure;

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And I beheld behind us a black devil,

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Running along upon the crag, approach.

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Ah, how ferocious was he in his aspect!

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And how he seemed to me in action ruthless,

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With open wings and light upon his feet!

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His shoulders, which sharp-pointed were and high,

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A sinner did encumber with both haunches,

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And he held clutched the sinews of the feet.

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From off our bridge, he said: "O Malebranche,

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Behold one of the elders of Saint Zita;

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Plunge him beneath, for I return for others

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Unto that town, which is well furnished with them.

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All there are barrators, except Bonturo;

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No into Yes for money there is changed."

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He hurled him down, and over the hard crag

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Turned round, and never was a mastiff loosened

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In so much hurry to pursue a thief.

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The other sank, and rose again face downward;

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But the demons, under cover of the bridge,

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Cried: "Here the Santo Volto has no place!

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Here swims one otherwise than in the Serchio;

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Therefore, if for our gaffs thou wishest not,

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Do not uplift thyself above the pitch."

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They seized him then with more than a hundred rakes;

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They said: "It here behoves thee to dance covered,

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That, if thou canst, thou secretly mayest pilfer."

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Not otherwise the cooks their scullions make

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Immerse into the middle of the caldron

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The meat with hooks, so that it may not float.

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Said the good Master to me: "That it be not

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Apparent thou art here, crouch thyself down

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Behind a jag, that thou mayest have some screen;

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And for no outrage that is done to me

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Be thou afraid, because these things I know,

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For once before was I in such a scuffle."

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Then he passed on beyond the bridge's head,

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And as upon the sixth bank he arrived,

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Need was for him to have a steadfast front.

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With the same fury, and the same uproar,

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As dogs leap out upon a mendicant,

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Who on a sudden begs, where'er he stops,

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They issued from beneath the little bridge,

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And turned against him all their grappling-irons;

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But he cried out: "Be none of you malignant!

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Before those hooks of yours lay hold of me,

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Let one of you step forward, who may hear me,

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And then take counsel as to grappling me."

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They all cried out: "Let Malacoda go;"

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Whereat one started, and the rest stood still,

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And he came to him, saying: "What avails it?"

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"Thinkest thou, Malacoda, to behold me

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Advanced into this place," my Master said,

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"Safe hitherto from all your skill of fence,

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Without the will divine, and fate auspicious?

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Let me go on, for it in Heaven is willed

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That I another show this savage road."

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Then was his arrogance so humbled in him,

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That he let fall his grapnel at his feet,

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And to the others said: "Now strike him not."

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And unto me my Guide: "O thou, who sittest

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Among the splinters of the bridge crouched down,

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Securely now return to me again."

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Wherefore I started and came swiftly to him;

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And all the devils forward thrust themselves,

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So that I feared they would not keep their compact.

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And thus beheld I once afraid the soldiers

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Who issued under safeguard from Caprona,

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Seeing themselves among so many foes.

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Close did I press myself with all my person

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Beside my Leader, and turned not mine eyes

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From off their countenance, which was not good.

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They lowered their rakes, and "Wilt thou have me hit him,"

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They said to one another, "on the rump?"

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And answered: "Yes; see that thou nick him with it."

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But the same demon who was holding parley

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With my Conductor turned him very quickly,

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And said: "Be quiet, be quiet, Scarmiglione;"

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Then said to us: "You can no farther go

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Forward upon this crag, because is lying

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All shattered, at the bottom, the sixth arch.

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And if it still doth please you to go onward,

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Pursue your way along upon this rock;

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Near is another crag that yields a path.

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Yesterday, five hours later than this hour,

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One thousand and two hundred sixty-six

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Years were complete, that here the way was broken.

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I send in that direction some of mine

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To see if any one doth air himself;

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Go ye with them; for they will not be vicious.

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Step forward, Alichino and Calcabrina,"

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Began he to cry out, "and thou, Cagnazzo;

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And Barbariccia, do thou guide the ten.

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Come forward, Libicocco and Draghignazzo,

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And tusked Ciriatto and Graffiacane,

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And Farfarello and mad Rubicante;

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Search ye all round about the boiling pitch;

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Let these be safe as far as the next crag,

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That all unbroken passes o'er the dens."

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"O me! what is it, Master, that I see?

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Pray let us go," I said, "without an escort,

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If thou knowest how, since for myself I ask none.

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If thou art as observant as thy wont is,

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Dost thou not see that they do gnash their teeth,

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And with their brows are threatening woe to us?"

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And he to me: "I will not have thee fear;

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Let them gnash on, according to their fancy,

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Because they do it for those boiling wretches."

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Along the left-hand dike they wheeled about;

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But first had each one thrust his tongue between

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His teeth towards their leader for a signal;

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And he had made a trumpet of his rump.

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