Guide to the canto Where we are The journey continues along the edge of the seventh circle, beyond the encounter with Brunetto. The roar of the water plunging into the eighth circle grows until it drowns the voice, and the embankment opens onto a steep descent. The din marks the threshold of a new downward passage, still entirely to be faced.
Whom we meet Three Florentines damned among the violent against nature: Guido Guerra, Tegghiaio Aldobrandi, and Iacopo Rusticucci. They break from the group, wheel in a circle around Dante, and question him about his city. Dante answers with a harsh judgment, and the three run off. Only afterward does Virgil perform an enigmatic gesture: he unties the cord Dante wears at his waist and casts it into the ravine.
What to expect The encounter leaves Dante with a political burden: Florence is now overwhelmed by new people and sudden profits. The roar of the water announces the next descent, and the gesture of the cord opens an expectation: something will rise from the depths, and the reader will see it appear before the pilgrim does.
Now was I where was heard the reverberation
1 Of water falling into the next round,
2 Like to that humming which the beehives make,
3 When shadows three together started forth,
4 Running, from out a company that passed
5 Beneath the rain of the sharp martyrdom.
6 Towards us came they, and each one cried out:
7 "Stop, thou; for by thy garb to us thou seemest
8 To be some one of our depraved city."
9 We were already at a spot from which you could hear the roar of the water falling into the next circle, like the buzzing of beehives. Three souls broke away, running, from a troop that was passing beneath the rain of fire, and shouted at me: "Stop. From your clothing, you look like someone from our corrupt city." · Verses 1-9
Ah me! what wounds I saw upon their limbs,
10 Recent and ancient by the flames burnt in!
11 It pains me still but to remember it.
12 Unto their cries my Teacher paused attentive;
13 He turned his face towards me, and "Now wait,"
14 He said; "to these we should be courteous.
15 And if it were not for the fire that darts
16 The nature of this region, I should say
17 That haste were more becoming thee than them."
18 I saw fresh and old wounds on their bodies, caused by the flames—a memory that still hurts me. Virgil listened to their cries and told me to wait: we had to be courteous to them. If it hadn't been for the fire shooting down, he would have said that the need to hurry belonged to me more than to them. · Verses 10-18
As soon as we stood still, they recommenced
19 The old refrain, and when they overtook us,
20 Formed of themselves a wheel, all three of them.
21 As champions stripped and oiled are wont to do,
22 Watching for their advantage and their hold,
23 Before they come to blows and thrusts between them,
24 Thus, wheeling round, did every one his visage
25 Direct to me, so that in opposite wise
26 His neck and feet continual journey made.
27 When we stopped, they took up their old lament again, and once they reached us, all three formed a ring, turning without stopping. They were like naked, oiled wrestlers sizing each other up before a fight; as they spun, each one kept his face turned toward me, forcing his neck into a motion that went opposite to his feet. · Verses 19-27
And, "If the misery of this soft place
28 Bring in disdain ourselves and our entreaties,"
29 Began one, "and our aspect black and blistered,
30 Let the renown of us thy mind incline
31 To tell us who thou art, who thus securely
32 Thy living feet dost move along through Hell.
33 He in whose footprints thou dost see me treading,
34 Naked and skinless though he now may go,
35 Was of a greater rank than thou dost think;
36 One of them said: "If the misery of this place, our scorched appearance, and our pleas move you to despise us, then at least let our reputation persuade you to tell us who you are—you who walk alive and sure-footed through Hell." Then he introduced himself as Guido Guerra, grandson of the good Gualdrada, who was following in his footsteps, naked and stripped of skin as he was. · Verses 28-36
He was the grandson of the good Gualdrada;
37 His name was Guidoguerra, and in life
38 Much did he with his wisdom and his sword.
39 The other, who close by me treads the sand,
40 Tegghiaio Aldobrandi is, whose fame
41 Above there in the world should welcome be.
42 And I, who with them on the cross am placed,
43 Jacopo Rusticucci was; and truly
44 My savage wife, more than aught else, doth harm me."
45 He said that the next shade was Tegghiaio Aldobrandi, whose voice ought to have been welcome in the world above. Finally, he introduced himself as Iacopo Rusticucci and said that his fierce wife more than anything else was his undoing. · Verses 37-45
Could I have been protected from the fire,
46 Below I should have thrown myself among them,
47 And think the Teacher would have suffered it;
48 But as I should have burned and baked myself,
49 My terror overmastered my good will,
50 Which made me greedy of embracing them.
51 Then I began: "Sorrow and not disdain
52 Did your condition fix within me so,
53 That tardily it wholly is stripped off,
54 If the fire hadn't blocked me, I would have thrown myself down among them to embrace them, and I believe Virgil would have allowed it. But the fear of being burned and scorched overcame the good desire that was making me eager to hold them. I answered that I felt no contempt, but a grief so deep at their condition that it would be slow to leave me entirely. · Verses 46-54
As soon as this my Lord said unto me
55 Words, on account of which I thought within me
56 That people such as you are were approaching.
57 I of your city am; and evermore
58 Your labours and your honourable names
59 I with affection have retraced and heard.
60 I leave the gall, and go for the sweet fruits
61 Promised to me by the veracious Leader;
62 But to the centre first I needs must plunge."
63 That grief took hold of me the moment my lord gave me words that made me think people like them were coming. I said I was from their city and that I had always recalled and listened to with affection their deeds and honored names. I was leaving the bitter behind to go for the sweet fruits promised me by my true guide, but first I had to go down to the center of the earth. · Verses 55-63
"So may the soul for a long while conduct
64 Those limbs of thine," did he make answer then,
65 "And so may thy renown shine after thee,
66 Valour and courtesy, say if they dwell
67 Within our city, as they used to do,
68 Or if they wholly have gone out of it;
69 For Guglielmo Borsier, who is in torment
70 With us of late, and goes there with his comrades,
71 Doth greatly mortify us with his words."
72 One of them answered, wishing that my soul would long govern my body and that my fame would shine after me, and asked me whether courtesy and valor still lived in our city as they once did, or had departed from it altogether. He said that Guiglielmo Borsiere, who had only recently joined them and was going there with his companions, tormented them greatly with what he had to say. · Verses 64-72
"The new inhabitants and the sudden gains,
73 Pride and extravagance have in thee engendered,
74 Florence, so that thou weep'st thereat already!"
75 In this wise I exclaimed with face uplifted;
76 And the three, taking that for my reply,
77 Looked at each other, as one looks at truth.
78 "If other times so little it doth cost thee,"
79 Replied they all, "to satisfy another,
80 Happy art thou, thus speaking at thy will!
81 Raising my face, I cried out that the new people and the sudden fortunes had bred pride and excess in Florence, so much that she was already weeping for it. The three looked at one another the way people do when they hear a true answer. · Verses 73-81
Therefore, if thou escape from these dark places,
82 And come to rebehold the beauteous stars,
83 When it shall pleasure thee to say, 'I was,'
84 See that thou speak of us unto the people."
85 Then they broke up the wheel, and in their flight
86 It seemed as if their agile legs were wings.
87 Not an Amen could possibly be said
88 So rapidly as they had disappeared;
89 Wherefore the Master deemed best to depart.
90 Then, if I escaped those dark places and returned to see the beautiful stars, when the time came for me to say "I was there," I was to make sure to speak of them to the living. They answered that, if it cost me so little to satisfy others, I was fortunate if I could speak as I pleased. After that they broke the ring and fled, their swift legs seeming like wings. An "amen" could not have been spoken as quickly as they vanished, so my master decided to move on. · Verses 82-90
I followed him, and little had we gone,
91 Before the sound of water was so near us,
92 That speaking we should hardly have been heard.
93 Even as that stream which holdeth its own course
94 The first from Monte Veso tow'rds the East,
95 Upon the left-hand slope of Apennine,
96 Which is above called Acquacheta, ere
97 It down descendeth into its low bed,
98 And at Forli is vacant of that name,
99 I followed him, and we had barely gone a little way when the sound of the water was so close that we would hardly have been able to hear each other speak. Virgil compared that river to the Acquacheta, which has its own course from Monte Viso eastward along the left slope of the Apennines, and loses that name before it drops down into the lowland near Forlì. · Verses 91-99
Reverberates there above San Benedetto
100 From Alps, by falling at a single leap,
101 Where for a thousand there were room enough;
102 Thus downward from a bank precipitate,
103 We found resounding that dark-tinted water,
104 So that it soon the ear would have offended.
105 I had a cord around about me girt,
106 And therewithal I whilom had designed
107 To take the panther with the painted skin.
108 As the Acquacheta roars above San Benedetto dell'Alpe before plunging down a fall too narrow to contain it, so the stained water thundered down a steep bank. I had a cord wound around my waist, with which I had once thought of catching the leopard with the spotted pelt. · Verses 100-108
After I this had all from me unloosed,
109 As my Conductor had commanded me,
110 I reached it to him, gathered up and coiled,
111 Whereat he turned himself to the right side,
112 And at a little distance from the verge,
113 He cast it down into that deep abyss.
114 "It must needs be some novelty respond,"
115 I said within myself, "to the new signal
116 The Master with his eye is following so."
117 After I had uncoiled it completely, as my guide had commanded, I handed it to him bundled and gathered. He turned to his right, stepped back a little from the bank, and threw it down into the deep chasm. I said to myself that something unusual must answer to that unusual sign, since my master was following it so closely with his eyes. · Verses 109-117
Ah me! how very cautious men should be
118 With those who not alone behold the act,
119 But with their wisdom look into the thoughts!
120 He said to me: "Soon there will upward come
121 What I await; and what thy thought is dreaming
122 Must soon reveal itself unto thy sight."
123 Aye to that truth which has the face of falsehood,
124 A man should close his lips as far as may be,
125 Because without his fault it causes shame;
126 I thought how cautious men must be with those who do not merely see what is done but read the thoughts within. Virgil said to me: "What I am waiting for, and what your mind is dreaming, will soon appear from above; soon it will have to be revealed to your sight." A man should always keep his lips closed about a truth that has the look of a lie, as long as he can, because it can bring shame even without fault. · Verses 118-126
But here I cannot; and, Reader, by the notes
127 Of this my Comedy to thee I swear,
128 So may they not be void of lasting favour,
129 Athwart that dense and darksome atmosphere
130 I saw a figure swimming upward come,
131 Marvellous unto every steadfast heart,
132 Even as he returns who goeth down
133 Sometimes to clear an anchor, which has grappled
134 Reef, or aught else that in the sea is hidden,
135 But here I cannot keep silent. By the verses of this Comedy, reader, I swear to you—may they not be stripped of lasting grace—that I saw rising through that thick, dark air a figure, so marvelous that no steady heart could have withstood it, like a man who has gone down to free an anchor snagged on a rock or something else trapped under the sea, who stretches upward and pulls in his feet. · Verses 127-135
Who upward stretches, and draws in his feet.
136 The list of places is under editorial review.
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