Guide to the canto Where we are We are still on the second terrace, that of the envious, near its end: the sun is now low and the ascent proceeds toward the west. The passage to the higher step occurs with a new angel, the first whose light strikes Dante directly on the face. Virgil explains to him that this splendor is only an invitation to climb, not a threat.
Whom we meet No new souls appear: Virgil is the only active voice. His relationship with Dante changes, because now he responds to a theological doubt born of a word spoken in the previous canto, that of 'consorte'. He explains why celestial charity grows with the number of those who share it, deferring to Beatrice the complete solution.
What to expect Once entered the third terrace, Dante is seized by three swift visions: the Virgin seeking her son, the mildness of Pisistratus, the martyrdom of Saint Stephen. They are images often read as examples of meekness and of punished wrath. The journey then continues wrapped in a dense smoke, signal of the sin about to be encountered.
As much as 'twixt the close of the third hour
1 And dawn of day appeareth of that sphere
2 Which aye in fashion of a child is playing,
3 It seemed to me that the sun had now traveled toward evening over a stretch of its path equal to the distance that, between the end of the third hour and the start of day, passes for that sphere that keeps moving like a child at play. · Verses 1-3
So much it now appeared, towards the night,
4 Was of his course remaining to the sun;
5 There it was evening, and 'twas midnight here;
6 And the rays smote the middle of our faces,
7 Because by us the mount was so encircled,
8 That straight towards the west we now were going
9 When I perceived my forehead overpowered
10 Beneath the splendour far more than at first,
11 And stupor were to me the things unknown,
12 Whereat towards the summit of my brow
13 I raised my hands, and made myself the visor
14 Which the excessive glare diminishes.
15 As when from off the water, or a mirror,
16 The sunbeam leaps unto the opposite side,
17 Ascending upward in the selfsame measure
18 Just as, from water or a mirror, the ray of light bounces back to the opposite side, rising along a path equal to that of the light coming down. · Verses 16-18
That it descends, and deviates as far
19 From falling of a stone in line direct,
20 (As demonstrate experiment and art,)
21 It departs from the vertical line, like a falling stone, over an equal distance, as both experience and science show. · Verses 19-21
So it appeared to me that by a light
22 Refracted there before me I was smitten;
23 On which account my sight was swift to flee.
24 "What is that, Father sweet, from which I cannot
25 So fully screen my sight that it avail me,"
26 Said I, "and seems towards us to be moving?"
27 "What is that light, sweet father, that I cannot shield with my hand enough to help me?", I said, "and it seems to be moving right toward us." · Verses 25-27
"Marvel thou not, if dazzle thee as yet
28 The family of heaven," he answered me;
29 "An angel 'tis, who comes to invite us upward.
30 Soon will it be, that to behold these things
31 Shall not be grievous, but delightful to thee
32 As much as nature fashioned thee to feel."
33 When we had reached the Angel benedight,
34 With joyful voice he said: "Here enter in
35 To stairway far less steep than are the others."
36 We mounting were, already thence departed,
37 And "Beati misericordes" was
38 Behind us sung, "Rejoice, thou that o'ercomest!"
39 We began to climb, after leaving that place, and behind us was sung: "Blessed are the merciful!" and: "Rejoice, you who conquer!" · Verses 37-39
My Master and myself, we two alone
40 Were going upward, and I thought, in going,
41 Some profit to acquire from words of his;
42 And I to him directed me, thus asking:
43 "What did the spirit of Romagna mean,
44 Mentioning interdict and partnership?"
45 Whence he to me: "Of his own greatest failing
46 He knows the harm; and therefore wonder not
47 If he reprove us, that we less may rue it.
48 Because are thither pointed your desires
49 Where by companionship each share is lessened,
50 Envy doth ply the bellows to your sighs.
51 But if the love of the supernal sphere
52 Should upwardly direct your aspiration,
53 There would not be that fear within your breast;
54 For there, as much the more as one says 'Our,'
55 So much the more of good each one possesses,
56 And more of charity in that cloister burns."
57 "I am more hungering to be satisfied,"
58 I said, "than if I had before been silent,
59 And more of doubt within my mind I gather.
60 How can it be, that boon distributed
61 The more possessors can more wealthy make
62 Therein, than if by few it be possessed?"
63 "I am even more starved for satisfaction than I would be if this had been kept silent before," I said, "and I gather more doubts in my mind. How can a single good, distributed among many possessors, make them richer in it than if it were possessed by few?" · Verses 58-63
And he to me: "Because thou fixest still
64 Thy mind entirely upon earthly things,
65 Thou pluckest darkness from the very light.
66 That goodness infinite and ineffable
67 Which is above there, runneth unto love,
68 As to a lucid body comes the sunbeam.
69 So much it gives itself as it finds ardour,
70 So that as far as charity extends,
71 O'er it increases the eternal valour.
72 And the more people thitherward aspire,
73 More are there to love well, and more they love there,
74 And, as a mirror, one reflects the other.
75 "And the more beings there are who understand one another up there, the more good there is to love, and the more love there is, and one mirrors it back to the other like a mirror." · Verses 73-75
And if my reasoning appease thee not,
76 Thou shalt see Beatrice; and she will fully
77 Take from thee this and every other longing.
78 Endeavour, then, that soon may be extinct,
79 As are the two already, the five wounds
80 That close themselves again by being painful."
81 Even as I wished to say, "Thou dost appease me,"
82 I saw that I had reached another circle,
83 So that my eager eyes made me keep silence.
84 There it appeared to me that in a vision
85 Ecstatic on a sudden I was rapt,
86 And in a temple many persons saw;
87 And at the door a woman, with the sweet
88 Behaviour of a mother, saying: "Son,
89 Why in this manner hast thou dealt with us?
90 Lo, sorrowing, thy father and myself
91 Were seeking for thee;"--and as here she ceased,
92 That which appeared at first had disappeared.
93 A woman, at the entrance, with the sweet gesture of a mother, said: "My son, why have you done this to us? See, grieving, your father and I were looking for you." As soon as she fell silent, all that had been visible before disappeared. · Verses 88-93
Then I beheld another with those waters
94 Adown her cheeks which grief distils whenever
95 From great disdain of others it is born,
96 And saying: "If of that city thou art lord,
97 For whose name was such strife among the gods,
98 And whence doth every science scintillate,
99 Avenge thyself on those audacious arms
100 That clasped our daughter, O Pisistratus;"
101 And the lord seemed to me benign and mild
102 And she said: "If you are the lord of the city whose name caused such a great dispute among the gods, and from which every knowledge shines forth, avenge yourself on those bold arms that embraced our daughter, O Pisistratus." And the lord seemed to answer her, mild and benign, with a calm face. · Verses 97-102
To answer her with aspect temperate:
103 "What shall we do to those who wish us ill,
104 If he who loves us be by us condemned?"
105 Then saw I people hot in fire of wrath,
106 With stones a young man slaying, clamorously
107 Still crying to each other, "Kill him! kill him!"
108 And him I saw bow down, because of death
109 That weighed already on him, to the earth,
110 But of his eyes made ever gates to heaven,
111 And I saw him bow down, under the weight of the death now closing in on him, toward the earth, but keep his eyes forever turned to heaven. · Verses 109-111
Imploring the high Lord, in so great strife,
112 That he would pardon those his persecutors,
113 With such an aspect as unlocks compassion.
114 He prayed to the supreme Lord, in the thick of that struggle, that he would forgive his persecutors, with an expression that opened every door to compassion. · Verses 112-114
Soon as my soul had outwardly returned
115 To things external to it which are true,
116 Did I my not false errors recognize.
117 My Leader, who could see me bear myself
118 Like to a man that rouses him from sleep,
119 Exclaimed: "What ails thee, that thou canst not stand?
120 But hast been coming more than half a league
121 Veiling thine eyes, and with thy legs entangled,
122 In guise of one whom wine or sleep subdues?"
123 My guide, who could see me behaving like someone waking from a deep sleep, said: "What is happening to you, that you cannot keep on your feet, but have come for more than half a league with your eyes covered and your legs giving way, like someone bent over by wine or sleep?" · Verses 118-123
"O my sweet Father, if thou listen to me,
124 I'll tell thee," said I, "what appeared to me,
125 When thus from me my legs were ta'en away."
126 "O my sweet father, if you will listen to me, I will tell you," I said, "what appeared to me precisely when my legs failed me." · Verses 124-126
And he: "If thou shouldst have a hundred masks
127 Upon thy face, from me would not be shut
128 Thy cogitations, howsoever small.
129 What thou hast seen was that thou mayst not fail
130 To ope thy heart unto the waters of peace,
131 Which from the eternal fountain are diffused.
132 I did not ask, 'What ails thee?' as he does
133 Who only looketh with the eyes that see not
134 When of the soul bereft the body lies,
135 But asked it to give vigour to thy feet;
136 Thus must we needs urge on the sluggards, slow
137 To use their wakefulness when it returns."
138 "I did not ask you 'What is happening to you?' as one does who looks only with the eye of the body, when the soul has left the lifeless body. I asked it to give strength to your legs: that is how the lazy must be roused, those slow to make use of their waking when day returns." · Verses 133-138
We passed along, athwart the twilight peering
139 Forward as far as ever eye could stretch
140 Against the sunbeams serotine and lucent;
141 And lo! by slow degrees a smoke approached
142 In our direction, sombre as the night,
143 Nor was there place to hide one's self therefrom.
144 This of our eyes and the pure air bereft us.
145 And behold, little by little a smoke came toward us, dark as night, and there was no place where we could step aside. That smoke took from us our sight and the clear air. · Verses 142-145
The list of places is under editorial review.
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