Guide to the canto Where we are On the shore of Purgatory, at dawn, right after Cato’s permission. The two pilgrims are still standing along the sea, lost in their thoughts, when a light crosses the water at lightning speed. It is the first movement of the new realm: an arrival that breaks the waiting and opens the scene, followed by a small band of souls that asks the way to the mountain.
Whom we meet The angel helmsman, who steers the little boat with his wings alone. Virgil explains his nature and tells Dante to kneel. Then, among the souls just landed, Casella stands out—the Florentine musician, Dante’s friend—who embraces him, sings his song, and creates a moment of suspension before the old man’s call.
What to expect After the episode, Cato bursts in and orders everyone to resume the journey toward the mountain. The reader prepares for a swifter, more disciplined march, with an open question: how long will the echo of the song linger in Dante, and how much effort will it take truly to part from it.
Already had the sun the horizon reached
1 Whose circle of meridian covers o'er
2 Jerusalem with its most lofty point,
3 And night that opposite to him revolves
4 Was issuing forth from Ganges with the Scales
5 That fall from out her hand when she exceedeth;
6 So that the white and the vermilion cheeks
7 Of beautiful Aurora, where I was,
8 By too great age were changing into orange.
9 And the night, which circles opposite to it, was coming out from beyond the Ganges with the Scales, which slip from her hand when the sun gains the upper hand; so the white and rosy cheeks of lovely Aurora, in the place where I was, were turning yellow from extreme age. · Verses 4-9
We still were on the border of the sea,
10 Like people who are thinking of their road,
11 Who go in heart and with the body stay;
12 And lo! as when, upon the approach of morning,
13 Through the gross vapours Mars grows fiery red
14 Down in the West upon the ocean floor,
15 Appeared to me--may I again behold it!--
16 A light along the sea so swiftly coming,
17 Its motion by no flight of wing is equalled;
18 And lo, as Mars, surprised by the morning, glows red through the thick vapors above the western sea, so there appeared to me—if I shall see it again—a light crossing the sea so swiftly that no flight could match its movement. · Verses 13-18
From which when I a little had withdrawn
19 Mine eyes, that I might question my Conductor,
20 Again I saw it brighter grown and larger.
21 Then on each side of it appeared to me
22 I knew not what of white, and underneath it
23 Little by little there came forth another.
24 When I had turned my eyes away from it for a moment to ask my guide something, I saw it again, brighter and larger. Then on every side of it something white appeared to me, and beneath, little by little, another white shape emerged from it. · Verses 19-24
My Master yet had uttered not a word
25 While the first whiteness into wings unfolded;
26 But when he clearly recognised the pilot,
27 He cried: "Make haste, make haste to bow the knee!
28 Behold the Angel of God! fold thou thy hands!
29 Henceforward shalt thou see such officers!
30 See how he scorneth human arguments,
31 So that nor oar he wants, nor other sail
32 Than his own wings, between so distant shores.
33 See how he holds them pointed up to heaven,
34 Fanning the air with the eternal pinions,
35 That do not moult themselves like mortal hair!"
36 "See how he scorns human devices, so that he needs no oar or other sail than his own wings, between shores so far apart. See how he holds them straight toward the sky, cutting the air with his eternal feathers, which do not change like mortal hair." · Verses 31-36
Then as still nearer and more near us came
37 The Bird Divine, more radiant he appeared,
38 So that near by the eye could not endure him,
39 But down I cast it; and he came to shore
40 With a small vessel, very swift and light,
41 So that the water swallowed naught thereof.
42 Then, as the divine bird came closer and closer to us, it grew ever brighter: for that reason my eyes could not bear it up close, and I lowered them; and meanwhile it reached the shore with a small, slender, and light boat, so light that the water did not even lap at it. · Verses 37-42
Upon the stern stood the Celestial Pilot;
43 Beatitude seemed written in his face,
44 And more than a hundred spirits sat within.
45 "In exitu Israel de Aegypto!"
46 They chanted all together in one voice,
47 With whatso in that psalm is after written.
48 At the stern stood the celestial helmsman, whose mere description would make one blessed; and inside sat more than a hundred spirits. "In exitu Israel de Aegypto" they were all singing together with a single voice, with everything that follows in that psalm. · Verses 43-48
Then made he sign of holy rood upon them,
49 Whereat all cast themselves upon the shore,
50 And he departed swiftly as he came.
51 The throng which still remained there unfamiliar
52 Seemed with the place, all round about them gazing,
53 As one who in new matters makes essay.
54 On every side was darting forth the day.
55 The sun, who had with his resplendent shafts
56 From the mid-heaven chased forth the Capricorn,
57 The crowd that remained there seemed strangers to the place, looking around like someone sampling things never seen before. From every side the sun was shooting out its rays—the day that, with its familiar shafts of light, had driven Capricorn from the middle of the sky. · Verses 52-57
When the new people lifted up their faces
58 Towards us, saying to us: "If ye know,
59 Show us the way to go unto the mountain."
60 And answer made Virgilius: "Ye believe
61 Perchance that we have knowledge of this place,
62 But we are strangers even as yourselves.
63 Just now we came, a little while before you,
64 Another way, which was so rough and steep,
65 That mounting will henceforth seem sport to us."
66 And Virgil answered: "Perhaps you think we are experts in this place, but we are pilgrims just as you are. We arrived a little while before you by another road, so steep and harsh that the climb ahead will now seem like a game." · Verses 61-66
The souls who had, from seeing me draw breath,
67 Become aware that I was still alive,
68 Pallid in their astonishment became;
69 The souls, who became aware of me by my breathing, because I was still alive, turned pale with astonishment. · Verses 67-69
And as to messenger who bears the olive
70 The people throng to listen to the news,
71 And no one shows himself afraid of crowding,
72 So at the sight of me stood motionless
73 Those fortunate spirits, all of them, as if
74 Oblivious to go and make them fair.
75 And as people crowd around a messenger who bears an olive branch to hear his news, and no one holds back from pressing forward, so all those blessed souls fixed their gaze upon my face, almost forgetting to go and make themselves beautiful. · Verses 70-75
One from among them saw I coming forward,
76 As to embrace me, with such great affection,
77 That it incited me to do the like.
78 O empty shadows, save in aspect only!
79 Three times behind it did I clasp my hands,
80 As oft returned with them to my own breast!
81 I think with wonder I depicted me;
82 Whereat the shadow smiled and backward drew;
83 And I, pursuing it, pressed farther forward.
84 O empty shades, save in appearance! Three times I clasped my hands behind it, and three times I brought them back to my breast. I believe I showed my surprise; at which the shade smiled and drew back, and I, following it, pressed further on. · Verses 79-84
Gently it said that I should stay my steps;
85 Then knew I who it was, and I entreated
86 That it would stop awhile to speak with me.
87 It made reply to me: "Even as I loved thee
88 In mortal body, so I love thee free;
89 Therefore I stop; but wherefore goest thou?"
90 The shade gently told me to rest; then I recognized who it was, and I begged it to pause a moment to speak with me. It answered me: "As I loved you when I was in the mortal body, so I love you now that I am freed from it: for that reason I stop. But why are you making this journey?" · Verses 85-90
"My own Casella! to return once more
91 There where I am, I make this journey," said I;
92 "But how from thee has so much time be taken?"
93 "My Casella, to return once more to where I am I make this journey," I said, "but how has so much time been taken from you?" · Verses 91-93
And he to me: "No outrage has been done me,
94 If he who takes both when and whom he pleases
95 Has many times denied to me this passage,
96 For of a righteous will his own is made.
97 He, sooth to say, for three months past has taken
98 Whoever wished to enter with all peace;
99 And he to me: "No wrong is done to me if he who takes souls whenever and whomever he pleases has more than once refused me this passage, for he acts according to a just will: in truth, for three months he has welcomed in perfect peace whoever has wished to enter." · Verses 94-99
Whence I, who now had turned unto that shore
100 Where salt the waters of the Tiber grow,
101 Benignantly by him have been received.
102 Unto that outlet now his wing is pointed,
103 Because for evermore assemble there
104 Those who tow'rds Acheron do not descend."
105 "So I, who had just turned to the shore where the water of the Tiber becomes salt, was kindly taken in by him. Toward that mouth he now directs his wing, because all who do not descend to Acheron always gather there." · Verses 100-105
And I: "If some new law take not from thee
106 Memory or practice of the song of love,
107 Which used to quiet in me all my longings,
108 Thee may it please to comfort therewithal
109 Somewhat this soul of mine, that with its body
110 Hitherward coming is so much distressed."
111 And I: "If some new law does not take from you the memory or the practice of the amorous song that used to quiet all my sorrows, may it please you to comfort my soul with it a little, for, coming here along with my body, it is so very weary!" · Verses 106-111
"Love, that within my mind discourses with me,"
112 Forthwith began he so melodiously,
113 The melody within me still is sounding.
114 My Master, and myself, and all that people
115 Which with him were, appeared as satisfied
116 As if naught else might touch the mind of any.
117 We all of us were moveless and attentive
118 Unto his notes; and lo! the grave old man,
119 Exclaiming: "What is this, ye laggard spirits?
120 What negligence, what standing still is this?
121 Run to the mountain to strip off the slough,
122 That lets not God be manifest to you."
123 We were all fixed and attentive to his notes, when lo, the worthy old man crying out: "What is this, sluggish spirits? What negligence, what lingering is this? Run to the mountain to strip off the rock that keeps God from manifesting himself to you." · Verses 118-123
Even as when, collecting grain or tares,
124 The doves, together at their pasture met,
125 Quiet, nor showing their accustomed pride,
126 If aught appear of which they are afraid,
127 Upon a sudden leave their food alone,
128 Because they are assailed by greater care;
129 As when, pecking at grain or darnel, the doves gathered at their feeding, quiet, without showing their usual pride, if something appears that frightens them they suddenly abandon the food, struck by a greater concern, so I saw that fresh crowd leave the song and flee toward the coast, like someone who walks without knowing where he will end up. · Verses 124-129
So that fresh company did I behold
130 The song relinquish, and go tow'rds the hill,
131 As one who goes, and knows not whitherward;
132 Nor was our own departure less in haste.
133 The list of places is under editorial review.
https://divinacommediaonline.it/en/purgatory/canto-2